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|
News of August 2001 | |
Dates are
those of the events (in UT) when available. |
|
Commercial
Launchers | Government Launchers | Small
Launchers |
Commercial Launchers |
Boeing Claims More Delta 4 Launch Commitments |
August
31
|
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Boeing
Delta Launch Services claims to have collected some "60
commercial launch agreements and contracts" for its new Delta
4 series of launch vehicles but cannot disclose who its customers
are. The customer for the inaugural launch, currently planned on April
30, 2002, will be disclosed soon. Boeing has secured an insurance coverage
package for 15 launches of its new vehicle, excluding the first two
flights. Although most of the Delta 4 have not flown yet, this
contract was reportedly signed at conditions similar to what is proposed
for vehicles with a well-established reliability record. |
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Eutelsat’s Atlantic Bird in Kourou |
August
28
|
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Eutelsat
announces that its next satellite, Atlantic Bird 2, has arrived
in Kourou
to be prepared for launch atop an Arianespace
Ariane 4 vehicle on September 25. |
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New CZ-3Payload Fairing |
August
23
|
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China Great Wall Industry Corp. will conduct a final static test of its a new 4.2-m-diameter payload fairing for itts CZ-3B launch vehicle in October. The new fairing, wider than the current 4-m-diameter model, successfully performed a separation test in April and should be available for commercial launches in 2002. |
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CZ-3C Flight Qualified |
August
23
|
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China Aerospace Science & Technology Corp. has completed the qualification review for the new CZ-3C "Long March" vehicle. A derivative of the CZ-3B with only two LB-40 liquid strap-on boosters instead of four, the CZ-3C is able to loft 3,800 kg of payload to geostationary transfer orbit. Actuial development of this version was inititade in 1995 but was delayed after the failure of the first CZ-3B in February 1996. |
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Delta 4 CBC on Pad |
August
23
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Boeing Expendable Launch Systems has erected its first Delta 4 Common Booster Core stage on the new launch pad at Cape Canaveral‘s SLC-37 for fit checks. The 47-m-tall stage was transferred horizontally from the Horizontal Integration Facility, and erected vertically on the pad. Compatibility tests will continue through September with the mating of an inert Alliant TechSystems GEM-60 solid strap-on booster. |
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Intelsat Postpones Launch |
August
23
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The next launch of an Arianespace Ariane 4 was postponed from August 24 to August 30 on request by Intelsat, in order to allow Space Systems/Loral to conduct checks on the Intelsat 902 satellite. The postponement was decided after an anomaly was detected on a solar array on another satellite manufactured by Loral. |
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Honeywell Delivers Atlas 5 Navigation Unit |
August
21
|
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Honeywell Space Systems has delivered to Lockheed Martin the first development model of its Fault Tolerant Inertial Navigation Unit for the new Atlas 5 series of launchers. The first flight model is planned for delivery in December 2003. Honeywell will deliver the units under a seven-year, US$52-million contract awarded by Lockheed Martin in November 2000. This contract includes options for an additional US$72-million of orders. |
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Japan Satellites on Soyuz |
August
14
|
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Starsem
is reportedly discussing with a Japanese potential customer for the
launch of two satellites into Sun-synchronous orbit on Soyuz-Fregat
vehicles. The first launch is tentatively planned in 2003. |
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Inmarsat Confirms Ariane and Atlas Contracts |
August
13
|
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Inmarsat
Ventures plc has announced the official award of two launch contracts
to Arianespace
and International
Launch Services to loft its newest Inmarsat 4 satellites. Once
critical development milestones are met for the Ariane 5ECA
and Atlas 5 vehicles, each contractor will be confirmed
for one firm launch with an option for a second one. |
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Ariane 5 to Resume Flights in November |
August
7
|
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Arianespace
announces that the investigation board on the launch mishap of an Ariane 5G
vehicle on July 12 has released
its report on August 1st, as planned, and that a roadmap has been
defined to allow flight resumption of Europe’s new workhorse launcher
by late November. According to the report, the lower composite of the
Ariane 5 vehicle performed nominally but a malfunction occurred at
ignition of the EPS storable propellant upper stage. A pressure
peak was detected during the ignition of the Astrium
Aestus engine and led to combustion instability resulting in lower
thrust and early depletion of one of the propellants. The pressure peak
was caused by an hydraulic interaction between the combustion chamber
and the propellant lines. The consequence was an early shutdown of the
engine and the release of the payloads on a lower than intended orbit.
The board issued ten recommendations including the development of a mathematical
model of
the Aestus ignition phase and the development and qualification of a smoother
and more progressive ignition sequence. Several hot firing tests of the
Aestus are also planned. According to Arianespace, the Ariane 5 launch schedule will be delayed by a little more than 2 months. Editor’s note: Next Ariane 5 flights were planned in September and October, to loft Eutelsat‘s Atlantic Bird 2 and India’s Insat 3C to geostationary orbit, and European Space Agency‘s 8,100-kg Envisat platform to Sun-synchronous orbit. As Arianespace is revamping its schedule, it is likely that the 3,060-kg Atlantic Bird 2 will fly alone on an Ariane 4 in September or October. |
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Government Launchers |
H-2A Maiden Flight Success |
August
29
|
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National
Space Development Agency of Japan‘s first H-2A launch vehicle
eventually lifted off from Tanegashima Space Center and successfully
injected its upper stage and a dummy payload into geostationary transfer
orbit. The US$77-million launch was delayed 3 hours in a 5-hour-long
window due to a minor technical glitch in a ground-based sensor. A second
qualification flight, with a live payload, is tentatively scheduled
in January or February 2002. |
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New Valve Mounted on H-2A |
August
25
|
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Preparation for the maiden flight of National Space Development Agency of Japan‘s H-2A vehicle is proceeding toward the new targeted launch date on August 29. The faulty pressure controlling valve on the second stage’s liquid oxygen tank was replaced. The malfunction was due to silicon particles generated by a filter in the valve. |
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TIMED/Jason Launch Delayed |
August
24
|
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The long-delayed
launch of NASA‘s
TIMED
(Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, Dynamics) atmospheric
probe with the joint CNES/Jet
Propulsion Laboratory Jason 1
oceanography satellite atop a Boeing
Delta 2 has been postponed again, this time from September 15
to December 7, in order
to ship back the Jason 1 satellite to France to check its solar
array deployment system after a problem was detected on a similar system
during ground testing. In addition, a new radiation protection will
be added to the star sensor. |
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Military Atlas Launch Delayed |
August
21
|
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The second
launch ever of a Lockheed
Martin Atlas Centaur vehicle from Vandenberg
AFB, California, has been postponed to September 8
in order to increase the RP-1 propellant reserve margins on the Atlas
booster stage and revise the flight plan accordingly. The Atlas 2AS
vehicle (AC-160) will launch a heavy classified payload for the U.S.
National Reconnaissance Office, known only under its cover name
of MLV-10, which may actually exceed the vehicle’s lift capability with
a standard propellant load and flight trajectory. |
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NASA Cancels NGLS Solicitation |
August
21
|
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NASA‘s Marshall Space Flight Center has cancelled a request for preliminary information regarding the possibility to procure Next Generation Launch Services (NGLS) from private launch providers, including those who are developing unproven launch concepts. The initial solicitation was issued in March 2000 and a formal RfP was expected in October 2000 but not issued. |
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Defective Valve May Delay H-2A Maiden Flight |
August
20
|
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Japan’s
National Space Development
Agency is considering postponing the launch of its first H-2A
vehicle, currently planned on August 25,
in order to replace a faulty pressure controlling valve on the second
stage’s liquid oxygen tank. Weather conditions due to the incoming Pabuk
typhoon could also affect the schedule. |
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NASA Exercises 13th Med-Lite Launch Option |
August
20
|
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NASA
has exercised an option on its Medium-Light Launch Service contract
with Boeing Expendable
Launch Services to book a Delta 2/7420 flight to loft
two Earth observation satellites. The launch, currently scheduled on
April 30, 2004, from Vandenberg
AFB, will carry to orbit the joint NASA/CNES
Earth System
Science Pathfinder 3 spacecraft (previously known as Picasso-CENA)
and the NASA/Canadian
Space Agency CloudSat.
The value of the order was not disclosed but NASA’s launch budget for
the mission is reportedly worth about US$60 million. |
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Small Launchers |
Iridium Satellite Delivery Rehearsal in Plesetsk |
August
28
|
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To prepare
for the launch of a pair of Iridium
satellites by a Eurockot
Rokot KM vehicle from Plesetsk in June 2002, Motorola
has sent a dummy mass to the Northern Russian launch site. The dummy
Iridium model was shipped to Arkhangelsk onboard a FedEx
MD-10 carrier aircraft and will be transported to Plesetsk by train. |
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Faulty Gyro Doomed Maxus 4 |
August
24
|
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A faulty
gyroscope in the vehicle’s navigation unit caused the loss of the payload
of the Maxus 4 vehicle on April 29,
according to a European
Space Agency investigation board. The payload landed out of the
recovery area and was destroyed after premature parachute deployment. |
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Strela’s Maiden Flight in 2002 |
August
19
|
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NPO Mashinostroeniya
plans to conduct the first launch of its Strela vehicle from
a silo in Baykonur, Kazakhstan, during the third quarter of 2002. All
subsequent operational flights, to begin later that year, will be conducted
from Svobodniy. |
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Orbimage Problems Delay Taurus Launch |
August
17
|
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Orbital
Sciences Corp. has decided to postpone again the long-delayed launch
of its next Taurus vehicle unless its Orbimage
subsidiary, which will take delivery of one of the payloads in orbit,
can solve its financial difficulties, according to Associated
Press. Orbimage, which is 50% owned by OSC, has defaulted in the
payment of US$225-million senior notes in March and is expected to file
for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection shortly after the launch.
The Taurus vehicle is carrying OrbView 4, Orbimage’s first high-resolution
remote sensing satellite, as well as NASA‘s
QuikTOMS ozone monitoring spacecraft. The launch, delayed 9 times since
March, is now tentatively scheduled for mid
September. |
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RoCSat 3 on Minotaur? |
August
13
|
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Taiwan’s
National Space Policy
Office is reportedly discussing with the U.S.
Air Force for a flight opportunity on an Orbital
Sciences Corp. Minotaur vehicle to loft its RoCSat 3
microsatellites to orbit in 2005. Editor’s note: Since the Minotaur is using the first and second stages of decommissioned Minuteman 2 intercontinental ballistic missiles, its marketing for commercial launches is supposedly forbidden to preclude unfair competition with commercial launch services. According to NSPO’s website, the launch of the 8-microsatellite RoCSat 3 constellation is still scheduled for late 2003. |
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Missile Systems |
NMD Ground-Based Interceptor Test Flight |
August
31
|
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Boeing Missile Systems & Tactical Weapons and U.S. Air Force’s 30th Space Wing have successfully test flown the first prototype of the Ground-Based Interceptor under development to boost the Exo-atmospheric Kill Vehicle as part of the U.S. National Missile Defense system. The three-stage vehicle, based on an Alliant TechSystems GEM-40 solid rocket motor as first stage with two Pratt&Wittney Chemical Systems Division Orbus 2 motors as second and third stages, is intended to replace the Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space Payload Launch Vehicle as the primary booster for the EKV interception test flights as well as for the operational system. | |||
For this
1st Booster Verification Test (BVT-2)
flight, the prototype GBI was launched from Vandenberg
AFB, California, and carried a mock EKV. The second test flight
(BVT-1?) is planned in December,
also from Vandenberg. The first interception test with a live EKV is
due in 2003 from the Kwajalein
Missile Range. |
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"Ending ABM Treaty Will Further U.S./Russian Ties" |
August
28
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The "new relationship" between the U.S. and Russia will be "furthered" by the elimination of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, according to U.S. Department of Defense’s assistant defense secretary for international policy, J.D. Crouch. The DoD official claims that the withdrawal of both Russia and the U.S. from the treaty would confirm that the two countries are no longer considering each other as a potential enemy. "The United States is not averse to arms control pacts, but will use them where appropriate and act unilaterally where appropriate" said Crouch. |
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Environmentalist Sue DoD About NMD Testing Sites |
August
28
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Eight U.S. environmental groups filed a federal lawsuit against the U.S. Department of Defense, asking for a more comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the proposed test site for the U.S. National Missile Defense system in Fort Greely, Alaska. According the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Greenpeace USA, Physicians for Social Responsibility and five Alaska groups, the previous environmental impact study for the site, completed in 1994, did not include new features such as airborne lasers, sea-based interceptor missiles and space-based heat-sensing satellites. |
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Last Minuteman 3 Silo Destroyed |
August
24
|
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The last
of the 149 Minuteman 3 intercontinental ballistic missile
silos to be destroyed under the 1st Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
(Start 1) was blown up with about 400 kg of explosives in Grand
Forks AFB, North Dakota. The first silo was destroyed on October 6,
1999. |
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U.S. Want ABM Treaty Revised by November |
August
22
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The U.S. Undersecretary of State has told the Russian government that the U.S. administration would like the revision of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty signed with the Soviet Union in 1972 to be completed by November, when U.S. and Russian presidents George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin are planned to meet. The given deadline is not to be considered as "artificial", according to the Undersecretary. |
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Alaskan NMD Test Site Contract |
August
17
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The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has awarded a US$9-million contract to a local company to clear land and prepare the site for the future testing station for the U.S. National Missile Defense system in Fort Greely, Alaska. According to the DoD’s legal department, the site will comply with current provisions of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty signed with the Soviet Union in 1972. |
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Russia Keeps Linking ABM Treaty to Start 1 & 2 |
August
13
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In a new diplomatic confrontation with the U.S., Russian government officials reiterate its claim that any agreement on missile defense systems must be “unconditionally linked” to offensive weapons cuts currently covered by the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (Start 1 & 2). |
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Russia Clears the U.S. for NMD Testing |
August
9
|
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Russia agrees to let the United States proceed with in-flight testing of the highly controversial U.S. National Missile Defense system provided that the it receives early notification of the tests. |
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Minuteman 3 Reconfiguration Complete |
August
6
|
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U.S.
Air Force‘s 90th Space Wing has completed the modification of 150
Minuteman 3 ballistic missiles, in Warren AFB, Wyoming,
from a three-warhead to a single-warhead configuration in order to comply
with the 1st Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (Start 1). |
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RLVs, Reentry and Manned Systems |
Composite LOx Tank Tested |
August
30
|
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NASA‘s Marshall Space Flight Center and Lockheed Martin Michoud Operations have successfully tested a suscale composite liquid oxygen tank through an initial series of cryogenic cycles on behalf of the Space Launch Initiative program. The 2.7-m long, 1.2-m diameter cylindrical tank weighs less than 225 kg and represents a 18% mass saving compared to a traditional metal tank of similar construction. The pathfinder tank will now undergo life cycle testing. |
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X-37 Assembly to Begin |
August
19
|
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Boeing
Phantom Works is about to begin the final assembly of the NASA/U.S.
Air Force X-37
demonstrator in its facilities in Palmdale, California. The assembly
is planned to continue well into next year in order to be ready for
drop test flights from NASA’s NB-52 carrier aircraft by late 2002. |
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Hypersonic Testbed to Fly on Rokot |
August
19
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Russia’s
LII (Gromov Flight Testing Institute) plans to develop an hypersonic
test vehicle, the HFL-VK, which could be launched onto a suborbital
trajectory atop a GKNPTs
Khrunichev Rokot vehicle. The 2,200-kg scramjet-powered
vehicle would reach velocities of Mach 8 to 14 at an altitude of
about 100 km before landing in the Russian Far East. The program,
supported by Rosaviakosmos,
is currently lacking funds for completion. |
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Discovery Upgrades Deferred |
August
6
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Due to
budget limitations in FY2002, NASA‘s
Johnson Space
Center has delayed modifications work on Space Shuttle Orbiter
Discovery. The orbiter vehicle was previously planned to be shipped
to U.S. Air Force Plant 42,
in Palmdale, California, to be upgraded by Boeing
Reusable Launch Systems on behalf of United
Space Alliance. Instead, she will remain at NASA’s Kennedy
Space Center, in Cape Canaveral, Florida, where it will only undergo
the mandatory structural inspections and test. |
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Space Propulsion |
NASA to Get Australian Hypersonic Flight Data |
August
31
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NASA‘s
Langley Research
Center plans to contract
with the University
of Queensland‘s Centre for Hypersonics for scramjet flight data
to be collected at the velocity of Mach 7.6 during the HyShot
flight tests in October. Under the AU$1.25-million project, an experimental
scramjet is scheduled for launch atop a Terrier Orion suborbital
rocket on October 23, from the Woomera
Rocket Range, Southern Australia. After reentry from an apogee of
350 km, the scramjet will be operated between 35 km and 23 km
of altitude. A second flight is planned for October 30. The HyShot
launches were initially due in October 2000
and slipped to March, June and August before being set to the present
date. |
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Aerojet Tests Atlas 5 Booster |
August
30
|
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GenCorp
Aerojet has completed the first of three horizontal hot-firing tests
of a new solid rocket motor designed to serve as a strap-on booster
for Lockheed Martin
Astronautics new Atlas 5 series of launchers. The 18-m-tall
motor, 155-cm in diameter, will weigh 40,825 kg at launch which
makes it the largest monolithic solid rocket motor ever fired. During
the firing test, it performed for 95 seconds at thrust levels ranging
from 1,270 to 1,740 kN. |
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NASA Plans Research on Space Propulsion |
August
29
|
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NASA‘s Langley Research Center plans to issue a research announcement to select partners for its In-Space Propulsion Technologies Program in order to foster the development of innovative space propulsion concepts. |
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Second RD-191 Firing Test |
August
28
|
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NPO Energomash
has successfully completed the second hot-firing test of its new RD-191
engine, designed to power the modular core stage of GKNPTs
Khrunichev‘s Angara family of launchers. This second friring
lasted 10 seconds. |
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Nanosatellite Propulsion Components |
August
24
|
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NASA‘s
Goddard Space Flight
Center plans to procure some nanosatellite propulsion equipment
for its Space
Technology 5 mission, also known as the Nanosatellite Constellation
Trailblazer. Vacco Industries
will provide propellant filters while Carleton
Technologies Inc. will supply a miniature composite propellant tank. |
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Cosmos 1 Solar Sail to Fly Next Year |
August
22
|
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The
Planetary Society will proceed with its plan to fly its Cosmos 1
experimental solar sail atop a converted Russian Volna sea-launched
ballistic missile in early 2002 despite the launch failure of a preliminary
deployment demonstrator on July 20.
The suborbital demonstration payload, with two unfurlable petals instead
of eight, failed to separate from the Volna’s third stage after a low
engine thrust resulted in the flight software not commanding the separation.
A second demonstrator flight has been ruled out but the insurance collected
after the failure will be spent to build a backup to the actual Cosmos 1
spacecraft. The 40-kg Cosmos 1 will be flown to a 850-km-high initial
orbit and will attempt to raise its altitude with the solar sail. |
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TRW Thruster Upgrade Contract |
August
21
|
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NASA‘s Glenn Research Center has awarded a US$1.3-million contract to TRW Space & Electronics to develop technologies for storable propellant thrusters upgrades. |
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Boeing Taps SpaceDev on MAV Study |
August
20
|
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Boeing
Space & Communications has awarded a subcontract to SpaceDev
to participate in the study of a Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) for
future Mars
sample return missions. According to SpaceDev, the company’s know-how
in hybrid propulsion, bought from the former American Rocket Co. (AmRoC),
could be applied to the MAV concept. |
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First RD-191 Firing Test |
August
14
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NPO Energomash
has successfully completed the first hot-firing test of its new RD-191
engine. A single-chamber derivative of the four-chamber RD-170/171
and the twin-chamber RD-180, the 1,900-kN RD-191 features a new
turbopump unit driven by a single gas generator and a new mixture ratio
control system. The new engine will power the modular core stage of
GKNPTs Khrunichev‘s
Angara family of launchers as well as its reusable version of
the stage, the Baikal. |
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ERC to Study Shuttle Boosters Performance |
August
13
|
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NASA‘s Marshall Space Flight Center plans to hire ERC Inc. for engineering design, analysis and evaluation of the Space Shuttle‘s Reusable Solid Rocket Motors performance regarding modifications induced by upgrades and material changes driven by obsolescence in production processes. |
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Spaceports |
Lockheed Martin’s Contract at Stennis Extended |
August
31
|
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NASA‘s Stennis Space Center has awarded a US$77.8-million two-year extension to a contract with Lockheed Martin Space Operations to technical services to support propulsion testing at the center. The initial contract was awarded in 1994 and is now worth US$309.25 million. The new extension covers the period from September 1st, 2001, to August 31, 2003. |
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U.S./Brazil Agreement Opposed by Representative |
August
21
|
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The technology safeguard agreement signed by the United States and Brazil in April 2000 regarding the use of the Alcântara Launch Center by foreign launch systems is being opposed by Brazilian representative Waldir Pires. According to a report by Pires to the External Relations Commission of the Brazilian House of Representatives, the agreement harms Brazil’s sovereignty and technological development by giving U.S. authorities a large control on all launch and space-related activities. |
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Industry |
U.S. Manufacturers to be Fined for Export Violations |
August
31
|
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U.S. satellite
manufacturers Space
Systems/Loral and Boeing
Satellite Systems (formerly Hughes Space & Communications) might
be allowed to resume exports to China soon according to the Wall
Street Journal. Both companies have been under federal investigation
since 1997 after allegedly transmitting to China technologies to improve
their launch services which could also be applied to its ballistic missile
forces. Loral and Boeing will have to pay a penalty, presumably about
US$10 million, acknowledge "they made mistakes" and
promise to improve their internal safeguards. |
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Snecma and SNPE Disagree on Joint Venture |
August
21
|
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France’s
state-owned Snecma
and Groupe SNPE are
facing a strong disagreement regarding their project to merge their
solid propulsion business into a joint-venture named Herakles.
The initial project by the French government was a to share the capital
of the new venture equally between the partners but, according to French
trade press, Snecma has been requesting a majority stake for months
and is now blocking the talks. |
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New Chinese Satellite Manufacturer |
August
18
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China Academy of Space Technology (CAST) has incorporated a new company, Areospace Dongfanghong Satellite Ltd., to develop small satellites, mostly based on its CAST968 bus. The new venture will be in charge of the Hay Yang 1 (HY-1) oceanography satellite, to be launched in June 2002, and of the Asian Multitask Satellite. It will also develop the Disaster & Environment Monitoring Constellation and the satellite bus for the DoubleStar mission with the European Space Agency. |
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Launch Market |
MDA Plans Satellite-based FedEx |
August
31
|
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McDonald Detwiller & Associates (MDA) has almost completed financing for a US$70-million satellite-based store&forward satellite communication system designed to carry very large data packages from point to point all over the globe. The Cascade system would use a single Ka-band small satellite (with a second one as an in-orbit backup) in low-Earth polar orbit to pick up and deliver 50 to 500 Gbytes of data per day. MDA has already raised US$68 million and expects to be able to sign production contracts soon for its first satellite in order to launch it by 2003. The baseline Cascade design is based on Surrey Satellite Technologies Ltd.‘s 250-kg MiniBus platform, with a launch provided by SSTL on a Russian vehicle. |
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Orbital Confirms BSAT-2b Loss |
August
31
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Orbital
Sciences Corp.‘s president & COO, J.R. Thompson, has confirmed
that all efforts to recover the BSAT-2b satellite, left stranded in
a useless orbit by an Arianespace‘s
Ariane 5G on July 13,
have been stopped. The satellite, due to be delivered in orbit to Japan’s
B-SAT, is now considered a total loss. In all, the faulty Ariane 5
flight will have cost about US$140 million to the space insurance
sector, broken down in US$60 million for BSAT-2b, US$40 million
for ESA‘s Artemis
and US$40 million for Arianespace’s own re-launch guarantee coverage. |
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Israel Draw Plans for Amos 3 |
August
31
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Israel’s
Spacecom Satellite Communications Ltd. has begun studies to procure
and launch an Amos 3 satellite to address the Mediterranean, European
and Middle-East market by 2005. |
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DARS Satellites for Europe |
August
30
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Global
Media, a Luxembourg-based start-up venture backed by Great-Britain’s
NTL, plans to launch a constellation of three satellites into highly
elliptical Toundra-type orbits (29,000 x 50,000 km, inclined 81
degrees) to provide digital audio radio services in Europe. Launches
are due in 2004. The project is expected to cost €1.8 million.
This system will have to compete with a geostationary system to be developed
by Alcatel Space
in partnership with WorldSpace. |
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Brazil Plans Spy Satellite |
August
29
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AEB,
the Brazilian Space Agency, is studying a partnership with Russia to
develop a military observation satellite, according to Jornal do Brazil
newspaper. |
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OHB-System Gets SAR-Lupe |
August
29
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